They were originally royal colonies. New York and New Jersey were under the direct control of the king.
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That statement is true
When presidents are elected with popular mandate, it is very easy for the presidents to pass any laws that he/she wants because their sheer popularity would give overwhelming public support that put pressure for the opposition to conform.
Since Kennedy was elected by a slim margin, a large portion of public still oppose his policies during earlier years of his presidency. This make it easy for his opposition to limit his movement so he can't pass the policy that he wants.
The contributions of African Americans for the Union war effort in the Civil War pushed the federal government, controlled largely by the republican party, to exchange the course of action and affected the consequences which included but were not limited to the amendment of the constitution to give certain rights to african americans.
I really hope this helps you a ton!