In the past, experts and teachers taught apprentices their arts and disciplines, but over the centuries and the growth of universities and the increase of those who could attend university, it became mandatory, in the last two centuries, having a career, a mastership or postgraduate degree were vital every time more to obtain specialized jobs. Now, curricular innovation is a permanent process, in which academic institutions evaluate their education programs, the skills students need in a modernized world, teaching and learning methodologies, as well as advances in current knowledge, to have the best teaching according to the time and the advances in the sciences.
They agree to sell shares/stocks of their company in an IPO, Initial Public Offering. They can raise billions of dollars this way instead of what a bank would loan at whatever interest rate
The answer is A. Robert Fulton, who, although he wasn't the first one to come up with the steamboat idea, Fulton built the first safe practical model of the steamboat.