The Portuguese had well-armed ships and superior navigational skills during the 16th century. The development enabled them to dominate oceans and create trading post empire at many coastlines including the Indian Ocean.
The Portuguese acquired the trading empire at the Indian Ocean by force and established a trade monopoly on the ocean by having two armadas (well-armed ships) sail to and fro across the ocean.
B. Democratic revolutions began in Eastern Europe. This in combination with t<span>he collapse of the Berlin Wall, separation from Soviet Russia from several countries, and the actions of the leaders at that time. </span>
Hitler's plans for Europe's domination suffered their greatest specific defeat under the leadership of Stalin, whose forces stopped Hitler's advances in the East in Russia.