It means the scientific study of sight and the behavior of light, or the properties of transmission and deflection of other forms of radiation
        
                    
             
        
        
        
The judge selected the winner "himself." <--adds more emphasis to the sentence overall.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
I am not sure how to answer your question
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The conflict in the story makes the protagonist more resilient, allowing him to overcome the obstacles impeding his survival.
Explanation:
First of all, we need to point something out very clearly, the main character was very human, very naive, innocent, and trusty. However, after his mates betray him and they difficult him his stay at the camp he turns dark and decides he is going to be more egoist. This allows him to become stronger, fearless and improves his stance. Making him risk everything to grow and survive. The character starts very naive and finishes the story aware of the darkness of humanity.