The answer is, introducing modern agricultural methods to an ancient culture.
The number of Jews migrating to the land of Israel rose significantly between the 13th and 19th centuries, mainly due to a general decline in the status of Jews across Europe. The Jewish settlers had two types of agriculture methods which were the cooperative agricultural community and the collective community method.
cooperative agricultural community was where members worked on individual farms of generally equal size and sometimes pooled labor as well as machinery and marketing, while the collective community agriculture method land and even tools and clothing were owned jointly, and all decisions were made by the community these methods were different from the ancient culture agriculture done in Israel.
Answer: Mantle plumes, Continental rifts, island arcs, and Continental arcs
Explanation:
Mantle plume is the mechanism of convecting abnormally hot rocks within the Earth's mantle. The plume head partly melts on reaching shallow depths, the plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots.
Continental rift refers to the belt of the continental lithosphere where the extensional deformation (rifting) is taking place. Continental rift zones have important consequences and geological features, and if the rifting is successful, leads to the formation of new ocean basins.
Island arcs are long chains of active volcanoes with intense seismic activity found along convergent tectonic plate boundaries. Most island arcs originate on oceanic crust and have resulted from the descent of the lithosphere into the mantle along the subduction zone. They are the principal way by which continental growth is achieved.
Continental arc is a type of volcanic arc occurring as an "arc-shape" topographic high region along a continental margin. The continental arc is formed where two tectonic plates meet, and where one plate has continental crust and the other plate has an oceanic crust along the line of plate convergence, and a subduction zone develops.
