Answer:
In order to be useful in treating human infections, antibiotics must selectively target bacteria for eradication and not the cells of its human host. Indeed, modern antibiotics act either on processes that are unique to bacteria--such as the synthesis of cell walls or folic acid--or on bacterium-specific targets within processes that are common to both bacterium and human cells, including protein or DNA replication. Following are some examples.
Most bacteria produce a cell wall that is composed partly of a macromolecule called peptidoglycan, itself made up of amino sugars and short peptides. Human cells do not make or need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the final cross-linking step, or transpeptidation, in assembly of this macromolecule. The result is a very fragile cell wall that bursts, killing the bacterium. No harm comes to the human host because penicillin does not inhibit any biochemical process that goes on within us.
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Explanation:
The porcupine is a rodent with an unusual trait. Porcupines have sharp spines or quills that help protect it against its predators. This trait is different from other rodents because of its needle like quills. This animal is also similar to that of a hedgehogs.
This movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration are is called Active transport.
<h3>Active Transport</h3>
Active transport by definition is a process that is characterized by the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient. Additionally, this process requires energy.
As in the question above, glucose molecules have to be moved across the gut lumen of higher glucose concentration to the intestinal cells of relatively low level of glucose.
Read more on active transport;
brainly.com/question/18489506
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D
Explanation:
The process of photosynthesis release oxygen from the plant which is used by the organism on earth during cellular respiration.
The oxygen released by the plants is formed through the splitting of water molecules as a result of the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane during the light-dependent reaction.
Since the released oxygen is the result of the light-dependent reaction and not the light-independent reaction or Calvin cycle where heavy oxygen isotope is utilized in the cycle.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
Answer:
cellular respiration because glucose is metabolized with oxygen to form carbon dioxide energy and water
