Answer:
All of the above, I'd assume. No speaking is involved yet they each communicate something.
Explanation:
Hope this helps :)
Some details that the text show that the excerpt was written in the past and not the present is, the story uses a lot of had and was which could be a huge clue that the text was written in the past sense its using past tense vocabulary. for example, in the excerpt it talks about how the children had a kind and merry housemaid. If it was present tense then the sentence would be, they have a kind and merry housemaid because it would mean that the house maid is with them right now and if it was future tense then it would be they will have a kind and merry housemaid because they don't have the maid yet and you would be using future tense words to indicate it hasn't happened yet. I hope this makes sense and helps.
The correct answer is option number two: "Precision marching and iron discipline marked the most successful armies. Great Britain had one of the best in Europe."
The reason is obvious. George Washington needed to transform his band of 'liberty loving and independent-minded colonists' into a disciplined force that would be a match for the highly trained and regimented British soldiers he would face in battle.
