In 1697, Africans were not allowed to bury their dead in what had become New York's primary burial ground. Scholars believe that this ban was the reason Africans used the burial ground today recognized as the African Burial Ground National Monument.
The Judiciary Act of 1789, officially titled "An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States," was signed into law by President George Washington on September 24, 1789. Article III of the Constitution established a Supreme Court, but left to Congress the authority to create lower federal courts as needed.
Previous military policies had created massive killings throughout long years on a war of aggression. Brinkmanship, as showed in history was used to let another country stop its war through massive retaliation. It is a more dangerous option to use nuclear weapons as a sign of power and capability to kill more people including civilians in a fast mode.
The Pennsylvanian citizen who questioned the parliament's right to tax the colonists without their consent was Benjamin Franklin.