So if Linda has 20 credit hours in total, and you multiply that by 650 dollars, that will equal 13,000 dollars. If you add 600 (which is the cost of the textbooks for both semesters) to that it will equal 13,600
A vertical stretch factor 3 is given by 3x^3. Horizontal shift 4 to the right is given by 3(x - 4)^3. Finally we add -3 to this function to move it 3 units down.