Ethos is used in an argument to provide personal experience or knowing someone else who has personal experience, like for example you might say to an audience: "I can be trusted because I'm smart and a good person."<span> </span>
This is a bit of a complicated question, while the church SAID that they where trying to reclaim the holy land, but it was actually mostly started for political reasons.
Muslims and Christians actually got along fairly well in the 8th century. But with the Battle of Manzikert, the tension increased with the empire. Not to mention at this time the holy roman empire (HRE) had a large controversy, where people wondered if the catholic church of the HRE had the right to appoint clerics and other church officials.
This all lead to an increase in care in religion and with propaganda of a "just war" being spread around by the Papacy the war was inevitable.
Railroads helped the US grow by making settlement in the West possible after the Civil War by connecting farmers (miners, ranchers, loggers, and others) to markets. there people and companies could both ship their produce to markets as well as ship in the machinery and supplies they needed. It was the only way to move large amounts of things quickly.
High inflation, high inflation rates, high unemployment, decreased consumer spending
