We know from the explanation that Midas ended up hurting people with his golden touch. The allusion most likely points to the fact that aunt Glenda does the same.
I would say that the adjectival phrase is B. overly excited. An adjective describes a noun, so an adjectival phrase would be a phrase that describes a noun. "overly excited" describes the noun "children." "to the front" and "of the room" are prepositional phrases and "pushed" is a verb.