Definitely dissenters! Dissenters were people who tried to avoid enlistment in the military during World War 1. They were often jailed for long periods of time, and had to pay huge amounts of money when they were convicted.
That would be the Louisiana purchase of 1803.
The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery in 1865. But, this didn't guarantee slaves citizenship rights until the 14th amendment was passed.
They never made a writing system