Personification is giving human characteristics to a nonhuman object. #3 seems like the best choice. Saying sleep did not visit Rainsford is giving sleep the human characteristic of visiting. (Like people do)
Hope that makes sense.
The central ideas would be that the author has proved his point that no one in this world would be born and reached the top of a success without spending an enormous time of practice which would be -- 10,000 hours.... His other central idea would be that according to him, as the psychologists look at the careers of the gifted, innate talent plays a smaller role but rule preparation or practice plays a bigger role to succeed.
Odysseus goes inside the cave of Polyphemus to see if he can get any presents from him or if there is anything nice to steal from his cave.
Hope this helps :)
