Answer: The simplest way is to determine if a strain is mutant is observing morphology, growth rate, double time, etc but it is accurate if you can prove if the strain is deficient in one aminoacid or can't metabolize lactose, etc.
Explanation: A wildtype strain functions normally, for example, can metabolize as a carbon source, glucose, lactose and other sugars, can synthesize all the aminoacids requered for protein synthesis, etc. If a strain suffers a mutation and it is inheritable, the strain become a mutant. Since several mutations can be silent ones, only those that interfere with a process, can be assesed easyly.
For example, if you have several strains and put them in a lactose medium, but some of them cannot growth means that are lactose mutants. Those strains could carry a mutation in genes that encode lactose degrading enzymes or in regulatory genes of the lac operon, etc.
Answer : contamination in crops results mainly from a reduction in marketable volume
Aflatoxin consumed contributes to the mutagenic , carcinogenic , teratogenic , and immunosuppressive health effects in humans.
Out of the following given choices;
a. they increase the amount of energy transferred from the
lungs to the blood
b. they increase the flexibility of the lungs as they expand
during inhalation
c. they increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more
oxygen to be inhaled
d. they increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing the
efficient gas exchange
The answer is D. Due to their microscopic nature, they are numerous in the lungs and are also circular-shaped so as to increase the surface area for gaseous exchange.
Other characteristics of alveoli that increase gas exchange are that they thinned-walled (with only a layer of cells) and moist.
Carbohydrates are your main sources of energy. They are needed for operation of the brain, body, and inner organs.
Hope this helps!!
The process which occurs in the structures that are labeled X is Kreb's cycle.
It has to do with releasing stored energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This is an extremely important part of metabolism and was first introduced by Hans Adolf Krebs in 1937.
