If the character starts and ends in the same place, the plot has gone in a circle. For example, if Charlie was having problems with his teacher at the beginning of the story, and the story talks about the many weeks he has tried to fix these problems, yet the story ends with him still not resolving these problems, the plot had gone in a circle. There is not resolution, no ending, no fix.
I'm going to say no because i would say which they decided to adopt him
the third one, if you add the comma without the when then you would have a comma splice (when you put a comma between 2 independent clauses without a conjunction) adding the when before Cynthia makes the first part a dependent variable and makes it okay to add the comma!
Hope this helps! :)