Cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
Checks and balances is something where each branch has certain limitations so neither branch can become over powered hope this helps and have a wonderful day :)
You're right! Plato C. thought philosopher-kings should run the government.
In Plato's Republic, Plato argues that the ideal rule is by a philosopher-king who has stepped outside the cave, seen the light and come back to with this understanding to the cave to rule (see Cave metaphor).