Three examples of marine genetically engineered organisms are:
1. AquAdvantage salmon is genetically engineered Atlantic salmon modified in order to achieve fast growth. A growth hormone-regulating gene of Pacific salmon is introduced in the genome of Atlantic salmon.
2. Grass carp was also modified by scientist in order to enhance its protection from contagious diseases. It has been modified with a transgene coding for lactoferrin (antibacterial function). So, the, survival rate of the modified Grass carp was doubled comparing to nonmodifeied fish.
3. Zebrafish is the most commonly used for modification because it has 1-cell embryo, with clear chorion so it is easy to be micro-injected with transgenic DNA.
Answer;
-Matrix
Explanation;
Matrix is used to maintain artificial wall around the tooth preparation.
Cavity preparation is the mechanical alteration of a tooth to receive a restorative material which will return the tooth and area to proper form, function and esthetics.
-Objectives of cavity Preparation: remove all defects and give the necessary protection to the pulp, locate the margins of the restoration as conservatively, form the cavity so that under the forces of mastication the tooth or the restoration will not be displaced and also Allow for the esthetic and functional placement of a restorative material.
The most likely cell would be a bacterial cell.
Bacterial cells go through binary fission to divide. It is similar to mitosis, but bacteria uses this method to reproduce. It is a simpler method of cell division, which can also be referred to as amitosis.
Most people will have a minor neck problem at one time or another. Our body movements usually do not cause problems, but it's not surprising that symptoms develop from everyday wear and tear, overuse, or injury. Neck problems and injuries most commonly occur during sports or recreational activities, work-related tasks, or projects around the home.
Neck pain may feel like a "kink," stiffness, or severe pain. Pain may spread to the shoulders, upper back, or arms, or it may cause a headache. Neck movement may be limited, usually more to one side than the other. Neck pain refers to pain anywhere from the area at the base of the skull into the shoulders. The neck includes:
The bones and joints of the cervical spine (vertebrae of the neck).
The discs that separate the cervical vertebrae and absorb shock as you move.
The muscles and ligaments in the neck that hold the cervical spine together.
Neck pain may be caused by an injury to one or more of these areas, or it may have another cause. Home treatment will often help relieve neck pain caused by minor injuries.
Activities that may cause neck pain
Neck pain is often caused by a strain or spasm of the neck muscles or inflammation of the neck joints. Examples of common activities that may cause this type of minor injury include:
Holding your head in a forward posture or odd position while working, watching TV, or reading.
Sleeping on a pillow that is too high or too flat or that doesn't support your head, or sleeping on your stomach with your neck twisted or bent.
Spending long periods of time resting your forehead on your upright fist or arm ("thinker's pose").
Stress. Tension may make the muscles that run from the back of the head across the back of the shoulder (trapezius muscle) feel tight and painful.
Work or exercise that uses your upper body and arms.
Sudden (acute) injuries
Minor neck injuries may result from tripping, falling a short distance, or excessive twisting of the spine. Severe neck injuries may result from whiplash in a car accident, falls from significant heights, direct blows to the back or the top of the head, sports-related injuries, a penetrating injury such as a stab wound, or external pressure applied to the neck, such as strangulation.
Pain from an injury may be sudden and severe. Bruising and swelling may develop soon after the injury. Acute injuries include:
An injury to the ligaments or muscles in the neck, such as a sprain or strain. When neck pain is caused by muscle strain, you may have aches and stiffness that spread to your upper arm, shoulder, or upper back. Shooting pain that spreads down the arm into the hand and fingers can be a symptom of a pinched nerve (nerve root compression). Shooting pain is more serious if it occurs in both arms or both hands rather than just one arm or one hand.
A fracture or dislocation of the spine. This can cause a spinal cord injury that may lead to permanent paralysis. It is important to use correct first aid to immobilize and transport the injured person correctly to reduce the risk of permanent paralysis.
A torn or ruptured disc. If the tear is large enough, the jellylike material inside the disc may leak out (herniate) and press against a nerve or the spinal cord (central disc herniation). You may have a headache, feel dizzy or sick to your stomach, or have pain in your shoulder or down your arm.
