The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America. The Thirteen Colonies had very similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and were dominated by Protestant English-speakers. They were part of Britain's possessions in the New World, which also included colonies in Canada and the Caribbean, as well as East and West Florida.
In the 18th century, the British government operated its colonies under a policy of mercantilism, in which the central government administered its possessions for the economic benefit of the mother country. However, the Thirteen Colonies had a high degree of self-governance and active local elections, and resisted London's demands for more control. In the 1750s, the colonies began collaborating with one another instead of dealing directly with Britain. These inter-colonial activities cultivated a sense of shared American identity and led to calls for protection of the colonists' "Rights as Englishmen", especially the principle of "no taxation without representation". Grievances with the British government led to the American Revolution, in which the colonies collaborated in forming a Continental Congress which declared independence in 1776 and fought the American Revolutionary War (1775–83) with the aid of France, the Dutch Republic, and Spain.
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The Western Allies developed industries in Germany because the Marshall plan was only for countries following the American Economic model. They also held on tightly to Berlin. In fact--Western Berlin was controlled by Allies which supplied food and other essential goods.
It was the <span>departure of the Allied Nation of "Russia" in late 1917 was a turning point in the war, since Russia withdrew from the war due to an internal revolution, which brought about a new era of communism. </span>
purple dye
Explanation:
- Phoenicia, located in the area of present-day Lebanon, was famous for its Tire purple, a color named after the city of Tyre.
- Solomon, king of ancient Israel, used 'purple wool', made by a Tyre craftsman, in decorating the temple.
- Tyre purple was the most expensive color of the time,
- in large part due to the effort put into its production.
- First, fishermen had to collect a huge number of sea snails.
- As many as 12,000 snails were needed to paint just one dress.
Learn more on Phoenicia on
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Explanation:
Known as the Cradle of Civilization, the Fertile Crescent is regarded as the birthplace of agriculture, urbanization, writing, trade, science, history and organized religion and was first populated c. 10,000 BCE when agriculture and the domestication of animals began in the region. By 9,000 BCE the cultivation of wild grains and cereals was wide-spread and, by 5000 BCE, irrigation of agricultural crops was fully developed. By 4500 BCE the cultivation of wool-bearing sheep was practiced widely.
The geography and climate of the region were conducive to agriculture and hunter-gatherer societies shifted to sedentary communities in the area as they were able to support themselves from the land. The climate was semi-arid but the humidity, and proximity of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (and, further south, the Nile), encouraged the cultivation of crops. Rural communities developed along with technological advances in agriculture and, once these were established, domestication of animals followed.
