Answer:
The two terms of Jackson as president (1829-1837) were the beginning of a new era in American politics, marked by the participation of the masses and the strengthening of presidential power. It eliminated the last restrictions on the right to vote and introduced the custom of appointing people from the ruling party to occupy the positions of the Administration (spoils system). Jackson introduced the democratic sense of the border into politics, confronting the great capitalists and the business world, whose speculative activity and political influence he had always distrusted; this battle had its climax in the presidential decision to end the privileges of the Second Bank of the United States as central bank. It also boosted the construction of the American nation, for example by expelling the Indians west of the Mississippi.
On the other hand, during his first term he faced Vice President Calhoun about the meaning of the Union: while Calhoun (natural, like him, of South Carolina) upheld the right of each State to nullify federal laws, Jackson defended that the autonomy of the States did not reach the point of nullifying the general legislation. That discrepancy unleashed an open struggle within the Democratic administration, which only subsided when, in his second term, Jackson replaced Calhoun with Van Buren as vice president.
In 1832 South Carolina used the doctrine of Calhoun to reject the newly approved protectionist tariff, which reserved the internal market for the industrial producers of the North, harming the economic interests of the South and the West; Jackson managed to avoid the armed confrontation and the threat of secession by means of a commitment tariff, leaving the presidential power strengthened of the crisis, but leaving open the wound that would be reproduced in the Civil War. Jackson retired from politics in 1837 and was succeeded in the presidency by his close associate Martin Van Buren.
