Ok so in basic terms, ad hominem is attacking your opponent and not there position. An example would be:
You cannot believe my opponent; his hair is untidy and his visage is beyond unprofessional.
By saying that the opponent is "untidy and unprofessional", you are attacking his character. Rather than arguing against his position, the attack of the opponent's character is Ad hominem.
I hope this helps :-)
Answer:
B? I think
Explanation:
A has nothing to do with this subject..
C and D support the other side of the argument.
I don't know what the original sentences looked like, but I assume the answer is :
C) That ancient land was located in the Middle East, a hot and sunny part of the world.
