1. Tensional stress (or extensional stress), which stretches rock;
2. Compressional stress, which squeezes rock; and
3. Shear stress, which result in slippage and translation.
The Brazilian highlands are not in Brazil
Why might a post classical civilization want to conquer Egypt and the Nile River Valley? It's fertile land provided the foundation for the first human civilizations and its access to the Persian Gulf and location between Europe, Asia, and Africa made it a center of trade.