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Bulgaria, Turkey, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, and China
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They all have an effect on one another. With international trade comes trade embargoes if two or more nations don't get along. Global conflicts can also bring about a decrease in international trade for the offending nation as a sort of punishment. This is usually carried out by the UN but can also be done on a state by state basis.
Some of the policies was to help rebuild the empire, to restore in its natural order, and people to know their places on the social hierarchy,
Mercy granted to an offender
In legal terms, "clemency" can take various forms.
... It may take the form of a reprieve, which suspends the carrying out of a criminal sentence to allow the offender to seek ways to have the penalty reduced. (Usually this would be in the case of a death penalty sentence.) This would be the example of "a delay in carrying out a sentence."
... It may be commuting a sentence, which leaves the conviction in place but lessens the penalty. So, for instance, a long prison term is commuted to a shorter time in prison.
... It may be the granting of a full pardon. In that case the "legal forgiveness for a crime" description would fit, but not all acts of clemency are pardons.