Answer:
Chloroplasts are endosymbiotic descendants of photosynthetic cyanobacteria-like prokaryotes that were incorporated into cells more than a billion years ago.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis converts electrochemical energy from light into sugars and acts as the carbon source of the cell.
Chlorophyll are the organelles unique to plant cells. The chlorophyll are responsible for producing glucose by using the suns energy and water.
Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
The answer is D. You really have to think about this one :)) I hope you get it right
36 thymine (matches with 36 adenine)
24 guanine (matches with 24 cytosine)
