<span>An initiative is a call for something or a petition in which the people ask for changes to be made made, either legislative which means changing laws, ensuring people have rights and liberties, or for people to be changed like presidents or governors or anyone to be impeached if the person is suspected of commiting a crime or being corrupted. It can even be things like saving the planet.</span>
Ultimately, the reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev led to the downfall of the Soviet Union. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the third option. Mikhail Gorbachev was born on 2nd march in the year 1931. He was the eighth and the last leader of the soviet Union. After that many states departed from the Union and it came to be known as Russia.<span />
Depending on the time period, America had a difficult time remaining neutral for several reasons.
World War I
America had a difficult time remaining neutral during World War I because of Germany's actions. For example, the German submarine sank the Lusitania, a boat that contained over 100 American citizens. Along with this, the Germans were also caught trying to make a secret alliance with Mexico. This was exposed when the Allied powers intercepted the Zimmerman Telegram. Considering these factors, the government felt the US had no choice but to break their neutrality and enter World War I.
World War II
The US had a difficult time maintaining neutral in World War II due to the violence and rise of dictators like Hitler. Along with this, the US was also attacked by the Japanese military. The Japanese military bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. This attack on a military base prompted the US to break their policy of neutrality in order to enter World War II.