Answer:
cohesion
Explanation:
One of water's most distinctive properties is cohesion—that is, the tendency of water molecules to "stick" to one another. In plants, this cohesion results in columns of water that stretch through the plant's xylem, from the roots all the way to the leaves.
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In an 1H NMR spectrum, the signal for vinyl proton is generally more downfield than an alkyl proton because the additional magnetic field created by the π electrons causes the nearby protons to resonate at a higher frequency.
<h3>What is meant by NMR? </h3>
NMR stands for nuclear magnetic resonance. In this technique, various molecules are studied by studying the interactions of their nucleus with electromagnetic radiations and then recording their radiofrequency.
The nuclei in this case are placed in a strong magnetic field.
This effect was discovered by Zeeman. It is used to study the magnetic properties of nuclei of certain atoms so that they can be appropriately utilized.
Therefore, In a 1H NMR spectrum, the vinyl proton signal is more downfield than an alkyl proton because the additional magnetic field created by the π electrons causes the nearby protons to resonate at a higher frequency.
Read more about NMR, here
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Answer:
When patient takes in antibiotics the resistance bacteria gets a competitive survival advantage over the normal sensitive bacteria and hence grows faster.
Explanation:
- Bacteria can acquire resistance by taking in plasmids containing MDR (Multi-Drug Resistance) gene cassettes. The MDR genes produces proteins that can:
- Render the antibiotic ineffective to act on its target by inducing chemical modifications on the drug.
- Promote efflux of the drug from the bacterial cell so that the drug cannot act upon its target.
- When a healthy person ( having no prior exposure to the antibiotic) is infected by bacteria ( both sensitive and resistant varieties):
- A competition develops for the host cells and nutrients between the sensitive and the resistant variety.
- This mutual competition restricts either of the sensitive or resistant bacterial strain to grow profusely.
- When a person (having prior antibiotic exposure), gets infected by bacteria ( both sensitive and resistant varieties) and is exposed to the same antibiotic:
- The sensitive variety, due to its sensitivity towards the drug, gets killed.
- The resistant variety, due to its MDR genes, bypasses the lethal effect of the drug and survives.
- These surviving resistant bacteria can now infect all the available host cells and utilise all the available nutrients without facing any competition and multiply rapidly.
Answer:
carbon's
For example, carbon's atomic number (Z) is 6 because it has 6 protons. The number of neutrons can vary to produce isotopes, which are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
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