Social Darwinism viewed the wealthy aristocracy, or upper class, as having the most socially valued class. It was believed that social status was largely heredity. This means that the social classes were divided due to genetics.
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Why was the Enlightenment a turning point in history? It used logic and reason to explain the world. Enlightenment ideas completely changed the way nations are governed and how people viewed religion. People began to believe life should be enjoyed and that the world can be improved.
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Transportation, Communication, Labor
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The industrial revolution coincided not only with the beginning of the mass use of machines, but also with a change in the whole structure of society. It was accompanied by a sharp increase in labor productivity, rapid urbanization, the beginning of rapid economic growth, and an increase in the living standard of the population.
Of great importance was the emergence of railways. The first steam locomotive was built in 1804 by Richard Trevitick. In 1807, Robert Fulton built the world's first Clermont steamer, which cruised the Hudson River from New York to Albany. In 1819, the American steamer Savannah crossed the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
The first electric telegraph was created by Russian scientist Pavel L. Schilling in 1832. Subsequently, the electromagnetic telegraph was built in Germany by Karl Gauss and Wilhelm Weber (1833), in the UK by Cook and Wheatstone (1837), and in the United States the electromagnetic telegraph was patented by S. Morse in 1837. Morse's great merit was the invention of the telegraph code, where the letters of the alphabet were represented by a combination of short and long signals - “dots” and “dashes” (Morse code). The commercial operation of the electric telegraph was first launched in London in 1837. In 1858, a transatlantic telegraph connection was established. Then a cable was laid to Africa, which made it possible to establish a direct telegraph connection between London and Bombay in 1870.
