Cylindrical map projections , conic map projections , & azimuthal map projections.
her is this from google
"A system of temporary reference points established in the field allows users to move freely within the study area without losing the geo-referencing. It allows the user to perform the mapping of trees, deadwood, transects, repeated measurements and data verification."
Because they are consumed by other animals to obtain their energy
Some general properties include the following
1.) Color
2.) Hardness
3.) Luster
4.) Streak
5.) Odor
Hope that helped!