This question is very debatale since this happened in acient Egypt. Try process of elimnation. They used all 4 of the options listed below. But the one that stands out the most is physics. In order for them to have figured out the early forms of glass, the Egyptians scholars had to have used studies of matter and motion to figure out the energy and force to find how to construct glass.
The purpose was to understand the formation of the Pluto system, the Kuiper belt, and the transformation of the early solar system!
