The method of heat transfer that does not require a medium is radiation. Heat may be transmitted across void space through thermal radiation, commonly known as infrared radiation.
No mass is transferred and no medium is required during radiation. Radiation is the only method of heat transmission that does not need a substance, such as the heat released by the sun or the filament of a light bulb. There is no material medium necessary for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, often known as radiation. Only in a vacuum can we observe the perfect transfer of energy, because when radiation travels through material, part of its energy is lost. (Subject to the material property)
Conversely, in the instance of Conduction.
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