Answer:The 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery was the first protest against African-American slavery made by a religious body in the English colonies. Francis Daniel Pastorius authored the petition; he and three other Quakers living in Germantown, Pennsylvania (now part of Philadelphia) signed it on behalf of the Germantown Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends. Clearly a highly controversial document, Friends forwarded it up the hierarchical chain of their administrative structure--monthly, quarterly, and yearly meetings--without either approving or rejecting it. The petition effectively disappeared for 150 years into Philadelphia Yearly Meeting's capacious archives; but upon rediscovery in 1844 by Philadelphia antiquarian Nathan Kite, latter-day abolitionists published it in 1844 in The Friend
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Pope Urban II called for all Christians to unite and fight the Muslims to regain control of the Holy lands. After four Crusades, the Muslims won control of the Holy Lands. However, the crusades resulted in increased trade in Europe and the development of towns.
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The Indian Ocean Trade began with small trading settlements around 800 A.D., and declined in the 1500’s when Portugal invaded and tried to run the trade for its own profit.
As trade intensified between Africa and Asia, prosperous city-states flourished along the eastern coast of Africa. These included Kilwa, Sofala, Mombasa, Malindi, and others. The city-states traded with inland kingdoms like Great Zimbabwe to obtain gold, ivory, and iron. These materials were then sold to places like India, Southeast Asia, and China. These were Africa’s exports in the Indian Ocean Trade. These items could be sold at a profit because they were scarce in Asian countries.
At the same time, the East African city-states were buying items from Asia. Many residents of the city-states were willing to pay high prices for cotton, silk, and porcelain objects. These items were expensive because they were not available in Africa at the time. These were Africa’s imports in the Indian Ocean Trade.
The city-states along the eastern coast of Africa made ideal centers of trade. An important attraction was the gold obtained from inland kingdoms. The gold was needed mainly for coins, although it was also used for works of art, ornamentation on buildings, and jewelry. Also, the city-states were easy to reach from Asia by ship because of the favorable wind and ocean currents. Ships had no trouble docking at the excellent ports and harbors located on the coasts of the city-states, making it easy to unload and load cargo. Merchants, tired after their long overseas journey, enjoyed the lodging and entertainment offered
Years ago Native Americans discovered what they believed was a gold mine. They noticed a herd of 30 to 60 million Buffalo's roaming the plains. The Native Americans hunted the buffalo so they can maintain an accurate amount of food. By the 1700's the Native Americans tamed some of the buffalo, which made hunting easier. The Native Americans moved with the herds so they can have a good supply of food. The Native people used different methods of hunting. One method use is called the Dog Soldier. A group of Native people who are called this, push some of the herd over a cliff so some of the animals would die. During winter they would chance the larger animals onto frozen lakes and slaughter them. The ice made it difficult for the buffalo to run. Warriors did the killing. The woman were responsible for getting the meat. The rest of the buffalo was used for clothing, shelter and weapons. Native American knew that their survival depended on the buffalo. They never killed too many. They only killed wanted they needed and celebrated the life of the buffalo after.
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the different environments of colonial north america contributed to a wide variety of. educational institutions.
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