-The number of B cells producing the antibody is proportional to the concentration of that antibody.
-On day 16, one out of 100000 B cells are specific for antigen A
\frac{1}{100000} = 1 x 10⁻⁵ B cells
- on day 16, Antibody concentration is 2 × 10¹= 20 Antibodies
- on day 36, antibody concentration 8 × 10³.= 8000
20 antibodies ------------ 1 x 10⁻⁵ B cells
8000 antibodies--------------x
x= (8000 x 1 x 10⁻⁵)/ 20
x= 4x10⁻³ or 1 in 250 are <span>B cells specific for antigen A</span>
c. cell wall, vacuole
Among the choices above, the two features that indicate that a cell is a plant cell is the cell wall and vacuole. The cell wall can only be found in plant cells. It is the rigid cell that surrounds the cell membrane. The vacuole of a plant cell and animal cell are way too different. The vacuole of an animal cell is usually more than one and small, even smaller that that of the plant cell. On the other hand, the vacuole of the plant cell is only one in fact a large one that takes up almost 90 percent of the volume of the cell
Answer:
Self-antigens are not recognized and attacked by the T cells.
Explanation:
In immunology, the antigens are those substances which are bound by the antibodies. The antigens can be originated from within the bodies, known as self antigens or from outside the body, known as non-self antigens. The immune system identifies and attacks non-self invaders or the foreign harmful objects present in the body. It does not attack the self-antigens under the normal conditions. This is due to the negative selection of T cells of the thymus.
There are different kinds of Healthcare system. The true statement about hospitals in the United States is that Hospitals are owned and operated as governmental or not-for-profits institutions but they are not owned by for-profit corporations.
U.S. Healthcare coverage is known to be divided into 2 part. They are;
- Public healthcare (government-funded)
- Private healthcare (privately-funded)
Hospitals often offer basic care to the sick. They treat illness and do simple surgery. Their work includes removal of gallstones etc. The hospitals are not set up to make profit but too help people.
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