<span>there was the humanist movement, or the renaissance; the rediscovery and interpretation of classical texts... there was also the protestant reformation (st bartholomews day massacre, battles between the catholics and hugenots)...the discovery of the New World (Exploration and Encounters with columbus and da gama) ... the enlightenment (focusing on the works of Rousseau and Voltaire)...and the french revolution (which i dont know much about...)</span>