Answer:
thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
Explanation:
The complete question is as follows:
Under physiological conditions, peptide bond formation and degradation both require enzymes, but only formation requires coupling to GTP hydrolysis. Based on this information, peptide bonds under physiological conditions are:
A. both thermodynamically and kinetically stable.
B.thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
C.thermodynamically stable but kinetically unstable.
D. both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable.
- The term thermodynamically unstable refers to the fact that the peptide bonds are prone to breakage under physiological conditions.
- The reason why one can conclude the thermodynamic instability of the peptide bonds under physiological condition is that there is a need for a source of energy i.e. GTP hydrolysis for the formation of the peptide bond.
- The fact that the breakage of peptide does not require any input of energy but the only formation does confirms the fact that under physiological conditions they are thermodynamically unstable.
- Even though they are thermodynamically unstable, they are kinetically stable because both the formation and degradation require enzymes.
- The function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy and hence, increase the rate of reaction. This means that if the enzymes are absent the rate of breakage of peptide bonds would be really slow this points out to the fact that they are kinetically stable under physiological conditions.
Answer:
Asexual: A-binary fission, D-fragmentation
Sexual: B,C
Answer: C) GMOs, genetically modified foods engineered in a lab to produce desirable traits.
Explanation:
The genetic engineering involves the insertion of genes from other organism to the host organism so as to make up genetically modified organism. Some unwanted and default genes are also removed from the organisms so that their body function properly.
The genetically modified foods are the examples of genetic engineering. This is done to produce desirable traits in the food crops. In plants both plants and animal genes are inserted to improve the yield of crops, and to improve their quality. In animals, the insertion of genes of other animals is likely to improve the milk and meat yield.
Biomes are described in terms of abiotic factors like soil type and climate, and biotic factors factors like plant and animal life.
1. Latitude and the heat transported by winds are two factors that affect global climate.
2. Other factors, among them an areas proximity to an ocean or mountain range also influence climate.
