The pKa represents the pH of the medium at which the zwitterionic amino acid assumes most stable ionic form due to structural stabilization. As the pKa is dependent upon the environmental factors of the solution around the amino acids, a change in their structure and localization can cause change in the pKa of the protein. Thus, the answers can be found as below:
Part A: Decrease (As the lysine is basic in nature, it will tend to stabilize the electrostatic interaction and weak interactions between the acidic amino acids and hydrogen bonds in the viscinity, thus lowering the pH and hence pKa of the protein)
Part B: Increase (As the carboxyl group is acidic in nature, removal of it will tend to increase the pKa since the basic amino acids will tend to accumulate more negative charge in their viscinity)
Part C: Increase (As glutamic acid is an acidic amino acid, its shift from outside to a non-polar site will prevents its ionization and hence the pKa will tend to shift from slightly acidic to slightly basic, hence increase)
B, virtues.
A virtue is a trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective and individual greatness.
Answer:
Los capilares rodean a las células y a los tejidos del cuerpo para aportar y absorber oxígeno, nutrientes y otras sustancias. Los capilares también conectan las ramas de las arterias y las ramas de las venas.
The deer eat grass. Its droppings, which eventually decompose into the ground, provide minerals and vitamins to the plant roots. This food is vital for it so the plant remains alive and can produce oxygen which is essential for the deer and grass is also a food source for him too.
Answer:
The caterpillars gain energy directly from the orchids
Explanation:
Earth maintains the flow of nutrients in the form of cycles and linear sequence in which the nutrients in the form of matter and energy flows from one organism to another and one sphere to another sphere.
One such flow of nutrients in the form of matter and energy can be observed in the organisms when one organism feed upon another and gain energy.
This flow of matter and energy is called a food chain.
The energy flows in this food chain through ten percent rule which states that only ten percent of energy can be transferred to next trophic level, therefore, the organism at the lowest level will have the highest amount of energy.
In the given question, the caterpillars can be considered as primary consumers which gain energy from the orchid plants directly and thus is the most appropriate answer.
