Question

What’s it called when you make a statement, but find one example of something that goes against it, but your statement is still valid? (Example: you say “nobody in this town likes cats,” but one person out of thousands likes cats. You’re statement is still true, you just found an outlier)

Answer 1

You should be talking about a Rebuttal which is a refutation or contradiction to your own information. Which is used in a persuasive or formal essay to make your argument more solid, and concrete. 

Here is a link if you need more information.
http://education.seattlepi.com/write-rebuttal-essay-2130.html

Hope this helps! Please let me know if I am right or wrong