Answer:
c. abiotic factors that are not involved in maintaining a population near its equilibrium.
Explanation:
They are both natural disaster and they are not dependent on the population.
The most appropriate answer would be magma. Lava is a magma that reaches the Earth's surface, which is technically it is also a magma, and magma is located below the Earth's surface.
Lava at Earth's surface or magma below Earth's surface cools and harden to form mineral crystals.
The first people to be called English were the Anglo-Saxons
Over 2/3 of the argicultural land is used