Civil law, civilian law, or Roman law is a legal system originating in Europe, intellectualized within the framework of late Roman law, and whose most prevalent feature is that its core principles are codified into a referable system which serves as the primary source of law. This can be contrasted with common law systems whose intellectual framework comes from judge-made decisional law which gives precedential authority to prior court decisions on the principle that it is unfair to treat similar facts differently on different occasions (doctrine of judicial precedent, or stare decisis).[1][2]
Historically, a civil law is the group of legal ideas and systems ultimately derived from the Codex Justinianus, but heavily overlaid by Napoleonic, Germanic, canonical, feudal, and local practices,[3] as well as doctrinal strains such as natural law, codification, and legal positivism.
Conceptually, civil law proceeds from abstractions, formulates general principles, and distinguishes substantive rules from procedural rules.[4] It holds case law to be secondary and subordinate to statutory law. When discussing civil law, one should keep in mind the conceptual difference between a statute and a codal article. The marked feature of civilian systems is that they use codes with brief text that tend to avoid factually specific scenarios.[5] Code articles deal in generalities and thus stand at odds with statutory schemes which are often very long and very detailed.
Answer:
Because they have conquered Constantinople, where most of these texts were preserved. But, not only Constantinople, but many other important cultural centers, such as Nicaea, Antioch, etc.
Explanation:
When the Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453, they managed to capture all the wealth that was preserved there. Among the other things, they have captured a large cultural treasure, that was kept there for centuries. That of course included texts, manuscript from the Ancient period.
Harriet Tubman is the most famous conductor. Over a decade she took 19 trips back to the south to guide friends and family to freedom. Every trip was a dangerous trek but it meant freedom for those she cared. Each journey was different and along the years she built up a network of stations owned
<span>A socialist is a person who believes in the government having ultimate control over businesses such as railroads, electrical power, and telephones. They would rather have the government have control over private businesses.</span>