It refers to the artists of the turn of the century, that is the art made at the beginning of the 20th century. It mostly refers to modernists and symbolism who created in this period and whose art was full of things like pessimism and cynicism. Modernity in general is associated with it.
Part A: Working hours changed from around 14 hours a day before the 1880's to being reduced slowly down to 12, then 10, eventually moving to an 8 hour day. This change allowed for workers to to have more time to sleep and for leisure. Another change was the end of child labor. Similar to the decrease in hours, the minimum age increased over time as well moving from 10 to 16.
Part B: One strategy used by unions to achieve these goals were strikes. Workers would leave the job and picket outside of a job which shut down operations. This tactic did not work at first because there were plenty of workers to fill the jobs. However, when immigration slowed the tactic had more impact with no people to fill the jobs. Some strikes were so large they brought the attention of police forces and the government.
<span> It survived the </span>fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire<span> in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the </span>Ottoman Turks in 1453. But why did it survive? <span>The eastern half of the Roman Empire was far less vulnerable to external attack, due to its geographic location. With Constantinople located on a strait, it was extremely difficult to breach the capital’s defenses; also, the eastern empire had a much shorter common frontier with Europe. It also benefited greatly from a stronger administrative center and internal political stability, as well as great wealth. The eastern emperors were able to exert more control over the empire’s economic resources and more effectively muster sufficient manpower to combat invasion. </span>
The correct option is C
The nineteenth century represents a turning point for the history of China and Japan with the arrival of Western powers in Pacific waters. Although the circumstances of both countries were very different, figuratively we could say that in the second half of the nineteenth century China lost the train of modernity due to its slow economic growth while Japan climbed quickly to the development plane.
Japan and contact with the West; At first they had had contact with some merchants from Holland, Russia and Great Britain. It was not until 1853-1854 with the Kangawa Treaty, and the US imposition. Through the military Matther Perry, that Japan opened its ports with commercial sights. All this caused a crisis in their traditional feudal structures, and a population that felt humiliated.
