They have been looked down upon for decades and possibly centuries. It had become a sort of a social norm in a sense to view them that way, hence all of the public opinion has shaped how we think of them today.
D - People who believed that the appropriate role of the government was to address the major social problems of the day
This is because the Progressives wanted better working conditions as well and wanted the government to regulate large monopolies.
Hope this helps!
A. Kingdoms! Hope this helped :)