In the painting landscape with the Fall of Icarus, by Pieter Bruegel, the artist intended to divert our attention so that we barely notice Icarus plunging to his doom; a fine example of subordination. Subordination is technique used by artist to brig attention to main subject of their art work by toning down some other elements.
Scratch boards are made of several layers that you chisel into with a Scratch awl to make art. Usually the top layer is black with the layers underneath being white.
