It’s the first one for sure
Nothing like that had ever been created before in history.
Generally speaking, the religions that Romans had the most difficulties with were "<span>monotheistic religions that prohibited followers from worshipping the gods of the Roman state," since for a long period of time religions such as Christianity were strictly outlawed in Ancient Rome. </span>
The dynasties created gunpowder, porcelain, and paper currency which would benefit the economy. Politically, people were able to move around the empires, many cities gained a higher population, thus leading to a social advancement.
