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Marbury versus Madison was the first case heard by the Supreme Court. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the legislative branch's Judicial Act of 1789 was illegal because the legislative branch had no authority to create the judicial positions. Marshall then also went as far as to create the idea of "judicial review". There is nothing in the Constitution that gives the Court this power. The ability to rule if a law is constitutional, if it violates some aspect of the Constitution and the Amendments is possible because of this case.
