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<h3>This paper traces the history of human-environment interactions in the Pacific Islands during the last millennium, focusing on three main periods: the Little Climatic Optimum, the Little Ice Age, and, in greatest detail, the transition around A.D. 1300 between the two. The Little Climatic Optimum (approximately A.D. 750–1300) was marked by warm, rising temperatures, rising sea level and probably increasing aridity. The latter condition was linked to development of water-conservatory strategies (agricultural terracing being the most common) requiring cooperation between human groups which facilitated formation of large nucleated settlements and increased sociopolitical complexity. The transition period (approximately A.D. 1270–1475) involved rapid temperature and sea-level fall, perhaps a short-lived precipitation increase. Temperature fall stressed crops and reef organisms, sea-level fall lowered water tables and exposed reef surfaces reducing their potential as food resources for coastal dwellers. Increased precipitation washed away exposed infrastructure. Consequently food resource bases on many islands diminished abruptly across the transition. The Little Ice Age (approximately A.D. 1300–1800) was marked by cooler temperatures and lower sea levels. The lingering effects of the earlier transition largely determined human lifestyles during this period. Conflict resulted from resource depletion. Unprotected coastal settlements were abandoned in favour of fortified inland, often upland, settlements. Climate change is suggested to have been a important determinant of human cultural change during the last millennium in the Pacific Islands.</h3>
<h2>Journal Information</h2>
<h3>Environment and History is an interdisciplinary journal which aims to bring scholars in the humanities and biological sciences closer together, with the deliberate intention of constructing long and well-founded perspectives on present day environmental problems.</h3>
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<h2>Rights & Usage</h2>
<h3>This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. </h3><h3>For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions </h3><h3>Environment and History © 2001 White Horse Press </h3><h3>Request Permissions</h3>
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Answer:
1. Economical value
Fruits, oils, nuts and other plant extracts like rubber and chocolate, when harvested in large quantities, yield substantial economic value. Large scale harvesting of plant extracts can provide long-term profits as well as income generation provided measures are set in place to protect rainforests. With that said, rainforest provide significant financial value than when burned down on a large scale for timber.
2. Environmental benefits
High demand of ecologically harvested forest products is vital for preservation measures to succeed. For this reason, it is prudent to buy rainforest products to support the economy which in turn provides the solution to cutting down rainforest only for timber. This way, we can create a sizeable market for forest products while supporting preservation efforts at the same time.
Deforestation is bad for the environment because trees are necessary to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that is causing global warming. Animals have habitats in trees and forests and once they're cut down, the birds and animals are at risk.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Discover research on restorative justice and the limits of restorative justice programmes
Many geological factors contribute to California's natural resources such as
Earthquakes
Floods
Volcano
Landslides and Mudflows
Population growth, combined with development in arid and semiarid regions of the State, has stressed California's water resources.
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The only atmospheric layer containing measurable amounts of water is the <span>troposphere.
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The troposphere<span> is the first layer above the surface and contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer. 2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the </span>stratosphere<span> because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the Sun.</span>
