Corporate personhood is the legal notion that a corporation, separately from its associated human beings (like owners, managers, or employees), has at least some of the legal rights and responsibilities enjoyed by natural persons (physical humans).[1] In the United States and most countries, corporations have a right to enter into contracts with other parties and to sue or be sued in court in the same way as natural persons or unincorporated associations of persons. In a U.S. historical context, the phrase 'Corporate Personhood' refers to the ongoing legal debate over the extent to which rights traditionally associated with natural persons should also be afforded to corporations. A headnote issued by the Court Reporter in the 1886 Supreme Court case Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. claimed to state the sense of the Court regarding the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment as it applies to corporations, without the Court having actually made a decision or issued a written opinion on that point. This was the first time that the Supreme Court was reported to hold that the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause granted constitutional protections to corporations as well as to natural persons, although numerous other cases, since Dartmouth College v. Woodward in 1819, had recognized that corporations were entitled to some of the protections of the Constitution. In Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014), the Court found that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 exempted Hobby Lobby from aspects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act because those aspects placed a substantial burden on the closely held company's owners' exercise of free religion.[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_personhood
Charlemagne or also known as Charles the Great is just one of the names that have standout during the Medieval Period. He was the one who led the unity of the western and Central Europe during the Middle Ages thus he was also called the Father of Europe. He had led an important role in deciding Europe’s monetary future including the establishment of new urban centers.
Although they experienced early disastrous defeats, the revolutionary armies successfully expelled foreign forces from French soil and then overran many neighboring countries, establishing client republics.
Answer:
By 1500, the influence of the Church on the lives of people had weakened. Some people resented paying taxes to support the Church in Rome. Others sharply criticized the Church for some of its practices. Popes seemed more concerned with luxury and political power than with spiritual matters.
Explanation:
Answer:
In late 2001, the United States and its close allies invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban government. The invasion's aims were to dismantle al-Qaeda, which had executed the September 11 attacks, and to deny it a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by removing the Taliban government from power. The United Kingdom was a key ally of the United States, offering support for military action from the start of preparations for the invasion. The invasion followed the Afghan Civil War's 1996–2001 phase between the Taliban and the Northern Alliance groups, which resulted in the Taliban controlling 80% of the country by 2001. The invasion became the first phase of a 20-year long war in the country and marked the beginning of the U.S. War on Terror.
Explanation:
Answer:
C. Osama bin Laden, aided by the Taliban, hid in Afghanistan after the 9/11 attacks.
Explanation:
The war in Afghanistan was a war that initially faced the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, ruled by the Taliban, and, once overthrown, its insurgency, on the one hand, and an international coalition commanded by the United States, for control of the Afghan territory, and that continues as War of Afghanistan (2015-present). It began on October 7, 2001 with the "Operation Enduring Freedom" of the US Army and "Operation Herrick" of British troops, launched to invade and occupy the Asian country. The invasion was unleashed in response to the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, of which this country blamed Osama bin Laden. To begin the invasion, the United States relied on a peculiar interpretation of Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, on the right to self-defense.
