Answer: B. BIG CORPORATIONS
Explanation: PENDLETON ACT is a Congressional Act passed in the year 1983, this Act was created to ensure that Government jobs or projects are carried efficiency by making sure that only MERIT BASED SYSTEMS are used in recruitment of Government officials. The Pendleton Act prevents politicians and political parties from meddling in Government spending and activities,it also created a by- partisan Civil service for recruitment,job evaluation and regulations.
Following the passage of this Act politicians now turn to BIG CORPORATIONS to sought money and other favors.
I believe its The Crimean War.
African nationalism is an umbrella term which refers to a group of political ideologies, mainly within Sub-Saharan Africa, which are based on the idea of national self-determination and the creation of nation states.