When the subject needs to be emphasized more than the action performed,the active voice is used.So (a) is correct
A parameter is a factor that defines a system or a number that defines the scope, limit, and boundary of a particular process;
whilst,
A statistic is a fact or information or inference derived from the data that is obtained by means of a study or a survey.
1) 85% of those SURVEYED were in favor of bike lanes = STATISTIC (This is a <em>statistic </em>because the data obtained (85%) through a survey shows the fact that how many people were in favor of bike lanes and how many people were against (15%)
2) Each member of the soccer team has an average of 2 jerseys = PARAMETER (This is a <em>parameter </em>because of the fact that defines a minimum limit of 2 jerseys held by each member of the soccer team. This could also be a factor in a study as a question like yes or no.)
3) Of the 100 swim teams SURVEYED across America, 23 practice 10 hours a week = STATISTIC (This is a <em>statistic </em>because there is an inference that among the 100 swim teams surveyed 23 teams practice 10 hours per week and this information or inference is obtained from the SURVEY).
4) The golf team's average score is 79 - STATISTIC (This is a statistic because it gives us the inference that the average score is 79 which is obtained by processing the data obtained. It can also be statistic because we need to get an average for finding out mean, median or standard deviation in statistics. <em>So, any calculation involved is a STATISTIC.</em>)
Mere statements are PARAMETERS.
Calculations whatsoever derived from a study or surveys are STATISTICS.
We see that the obstacles that the people that found gold in California during the Gold Rush faced are: D. Traveling over land or sea and living in mining camps.
<h3>What is the California Gold Rush?</h3>
The California Gold Rush was actually known as a period when there was rapid movement of treasure seekers who came to California when gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill. It began in early 1848. It's estimated that over 300,000 came to that territory.
The challenge the people faced were travelling long distances to California over land and sea and also living in mining camps.
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