In the last part 1 is "decreeing" and 2 is "endorsement" as you wrote.
Throughout the novel, the protagonist experiences various internal conflicts because he's torn between following his heart or society, between listening to his family or to Jim, among other struggles. The most important conflict that contributes to the growth of the character is how he learns to act around Jim. While he was still convinced that Jim deserved a different treatment because of his condition of slavery, he also believed deep in his heart that Jim was an honorable person and should be treated like so. Eventually, he does what's right and apologizes to Jim and treats him differently, even when society has convinced him that this is the wrong thing to do.
The mountains stood silently, glaring down at us with pure disdain
“Your father's right,” she said. “Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a Mockingbird.” This is quote is from chapter 10 and it supports To Kill a Mockingbird book title.
A dash, like a semicolon, can be used to separate a new thought in a sentence from the original thought. Let's take a look at our answer choices and see which fits this description the best...
1. "I am learning about Japan -- believe it or not, it is a chain of around 4,000 islands."
This looks pretty good. The speaker is representing an original thought in the part regarding their learning about Japan, and then introducing a new thought with the statement about the fact that Japan is a chain of around 4,000 islands.
This looks like a good bet as our right answer, but let us examine the other answers anyway.
2. "I am learning -- about Japan believe it or not, it is a chain of around 4,000 islands."
This choice doesn't seem to make much sense no matter which way you look at it. Grammatical and punctuation errors abound. We can scratch this off our list.
3. "I am learning about Japan believe it or not -- it is a chain of around 4,000 islands."
This would almost be correct if it had a period after the word 'Japan', since there is an interjection being used there. Commas will always precede an interjection (or follow one if it is at the beginning of the sentence).
So our correct answer is choice 1, as this is the only sentence that correctly uses the dash, as well as all the other punctuation.
Hope that helped! =)
