In the United States, both national and state governments "<span>Borrow money," since this money can be borrowed either from domestic sources or foreign sources (in the case of the federal government). </span>
German Americans were also detained. But only in certain places, in the US.
Democracy, nationalism, and capitalism
They named themselves the middle kingdom because they saw themselves as the center of the world.
What's the context?
The industrial revolution
Even further back...
The agricultural revolution
Trade?
Communication?
Travel?
Exploration?