Answer/Explanation:
DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for replicating DNA. It is hugely important that is performs its functions accurately, as if incorrect bases are incorporated this can lead to mutations that disrupt the structure and function of genes. It adds nucleotides in a 5' - 3' direction only.
DNA polymerase III also has high processivity, which means that for every time it binds DNA, it is able to add many bases before it becomes dissociated.
A. DNA polymerase avoids the incorporation of improperly paired nucleotides in two ways:
- The first way depends on the structure of the enzyme. If the nucleotide that the enzyme is in the process of adding is not complementary to the template, then the nucleotide will not align with the template, and thus it is more inefficient to add. This inefficiency means the nucleotide is more likely to leave the active site before it is added, and DNA polymerase can replace it with the correct nucleotide.
- It also has proofreading capabilities. This means, when an incorrect base is added, it recognises the error and can fix this. It can do this because it possesses 3'-5' exonuclease activity. That means, it can chop out incorrectly added bases.
B. Ribonucleotides are the nucleotides that are incorporated into a growing RNA molecule. They are different from deoxyribonucleotides because of the differences in the sugar backbone (ribose vs deoxyribose). Their incorporation would disrupt the structure and function of the DNA, leading to problems with transcription and replication.
DNA polymerase avoids incorporating these nucleotides primarily because of the structure of the enzyme. Ribonucleotides cannot fit into the active site of DNA polymerase due to what is called a "steric filter" or "steric gate". This gate/filter function is performed by specific amino acid residues which usually have a bulky side chain and thus block the incorporation of the 2'OH of the ribose sugar (which is lacking in the deoxyribose sugar)
Answer:
Recombinant DNA
Explanation:
Recombinant DNA can be used to change the genetic makeup of a cell, as in adding a gene to make a bacterial cell produce insulin.
Answer: Consequently
Explanation:
The consequently is used to show the result of the activity. It is used as an adverb in a sentence. For example, hard working labors are in great demand, consequently are paid well.
In the given situation, one sentence or action is influencing the other. Charlotte was eating lunch this consequently affected Joseph who was sleeping and he woke up.
Answer is preserve
1<em>. Removing oxygen:</em> The removal of oxygen from food preserves the food by avoiding the oxidation of food that leads to spoilage.Cover the food or vegetable tightly in air tight container to avoid oxygen reaching the cut cells which will cause spoilage of food.The fruits and vegetables should immediately be boiled or cooked to prevent oxidation.
2. <em>Removing moisture: </em>The removal of excess water from vegetables and fruits helps in preservation of food. The bacterial growth that spoils the food grows in moist environment hence reducing the moisture content will preserve food.
<em>3. Killing spoilage organism: </em>The ultraviolet light and infrared light are used to kill the organisms causing spoilage of food. Flash technique is also used for preserving food from microorganism.
When an enzyme exceeds the typical human body temperature, the enzymes structure can denature and change. Therefore the enzyme wont function properly.
