Answer:
The United States returned to an isolationist foreign policy.
The drop in military spending sent the United States into a recession.
Explanation:
First, the Roman Catholic Church was the only church at this time. As such, it was felt to have a monopoly on religious knowledge and on the relationship between Europeans and God. In other words, the Church could control who went to Heaven and who went to Hell. This gave it tremendous power over people’s lives. The Church did much to determine how people would live since it said what was permissible and what was not.Second, the Church was a major political force during this time. Kings and queens wanted and needed papal approval, particularly when they were somewhat weak (as in times of conflict over succession). This, among other things, allowed the Church to exercise political power as it could help to determine which claimants to a throne would be deemed acceptable. There was a long history of tension between the church and secular authority over this and other political issues.<span>Finally, the Church was deeply involved in economic life. The Church controlled a great deal of land (the main source of wealth at this time), largely because it owned monasteries. By owning all the land connected to the monasteries (often willed to it by people wanting to ensure their own salvation), the Church was a major economic power.</span>
1- Critical thinking
2- Gathering of new ideas
3- Questioning the established power
4- Economic crisis
5- Social crisis
Any society that has intellectual production develops critical thinking in pursuit of its own growth. And also in what keeps political forces alert to maintain power or to make a change. In the exchange of ideas, new proposals are generated that promote the change of paradigm. These question the established power as well as society when it is overwhelmed by an economic crisis. Which often leads to riots and social crisis.
French Revolution:
With absolutism in decline economic hardships caused frequent revolts. They take more and more force the ideas of the Enlightenment go against the absolute power and the participation of the clergy in the questions of State. Among the thinkers of the revolution are Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu and Voltaire.
The answer is religious ideas because the Mandate of Heaven is essentially that of there being a Chinese emperor ruling by divine right.
